In the virtual world, hardware may feel abstract, nonetheless software still depends on physical infrastructure consuming resources where waste can take place. Let’s look at datacenters, where the physical location is based on the price of electricity, then you have to keep them cool, placing data center underwater is one solution being explored. There is also the high energy consumption of crypto mining but let’s focus on a simpler example, that app on your phone that consumes a lot of battery or memory with no apparent reason which ends up being removed by the annoyed user.